22 Aug MCE | Death-inducing Pathways of Apoptosis
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, and abnormal apoptosis can lead to the development of diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders and autoimmune diseases[1]. Two main apoptosis pathways:
Intrinsic Pathway
The intrinsic pathway, also known as the Bcl-2 regulatory or mitochondrial pathway (Figure 1), is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins, including pro-apoptotic proteins (Bid, Bax, Bak) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL)[2].
Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway, also known as the death receptor (DR) pathway (Figure 1), is activated by binding death ligands to death receptors on the plasma membrane, including FasL, TNF-α and TRAIL. DR, Fas-associating protein with a novel death domain (FADD) and associated apoptotic signaling molecule (caspase-8) form the death-inducing signaling complex, resulting in the activation of caspase cascades effectors (caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7)[2].
Figure 1. Apoptosis Signaling Pathways
MCE Products
| Antibodies |
| Bak Antibody (YA592) Unconjugated Rabbit monoclonal antibody of about 23 kDa, targeting Bak. It can be used for WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP, and FC assays with tag free, in the background of human and mouse. |
| Bcl-XL Antibody Unconjugated Rabbit monoclonal antibody of about 26 kDa, targeting Bcl-XL. It can be used for WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P, FC and IP assays with tag free, in the background of human. |
| Bcl2 Antibody Unconjugated Rabbit monoclonal antibody of about 26 kDa, targeting Bcl2. It can be used for WB, IHC-P assays with tag free, in the background of human and mouse. |
| Caspase-8 Antibody Unconjugated Rabbit monoclonal antibody of about 55 kDa, targeting Caspase-8. It can be used for WB, ICC/IF and IHC-P assays with tag free, in the background of human. |
| Caspase-3 Antibody Unconjugated Rabbit monoclonal antibody of about 32 kDa, targeting Caspase-3. It can be used for WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P, IP and FC assays with tag free, in the background of human. |
| Cleaved- Caspase 3 Antibody Unconjugated Rabbit monoclonal antibody of about 32 kDa, targeting Cleaved-Caspase 3 p12. It can be used for WB and ICC/IF assays with tag free, in the background of human, mouse and rats. |
| Recombinant Proteins |
| BID A pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, was initially discovered through binding to pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. |
| Fas Ligand A ligand to TNFRSF6/FAS/CD95, transduces the apoptotic signal to regulate cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. |
| TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 A potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. |
| Inhibitors |
| LY294002 A broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K with IC50 values of 0.5 μM, 0.57 μM, and 0.97 μM for PI3Kα, PI3Kδ and PI3Kβ, respectively. |
| CCCP An oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. |
| MG-132 A potent proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC50 values of 100 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively. |
References
[1] Toxicol Pathol. 2007;35(4):495-516.
[2] Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2021;125:73-120.
